Extrasolar Planets
Outstanding Challenges of Exoplanet Atmospheric Retrievals 
Spectral retrieval has long been a powerful tool for interpreting planetary remote sensing observations. Flexible, parameterised, agnostic models are coupled with inversion algorithms in order to infer atmospheric properties directly from observations, with minimal reliance on physical assumptions.
Mars
Meteorites Tell The Story Of Mars' Water History
In Jessica Barnes' palm is an ancient, coin-sized mosaic of glass, minerals and rocks as thick as a strand of wool fiber. It is a slice of Martian meteorite, known as Northwest Africa 7034 or Black Beauty, that was formed when a huge impact cemented together various pieces of Martian crust.
Habitable Zones & Global Climate
Salty Oceans in Low Mass Habitable Planets and Global Climate Evolution
The available models of global climate evolution in habitable earthlike planets do not consider the effect of salt content in oceans, which affects water evaporation.
Habitable Zones & Global Climate
The Habitability of Large Elliptical Galaxies
Based on numbers of stars, supernova rates, and metallicity, a prior study (Dayal et al. 2015) concluded that large elliptical galaxies contain up to 10,000 times more habitable planets than the Milky Way and are thus the "cradles of life".
Extrasolar Planets
Stellar Driven Evolution of Hydrogen-Dominated Atmospheres from Earth-Like to Super-Earth-Type Exoplanets
In the present chapter we present the results of evolutionary studies of exoplanetary atmospheres. We mostly focus on the sub- to super-Earth domain, although these methods are applicable to all types of exoplanets.
Extinction events
In Earth's Largest Extinction Land Animal Die-offs Began Long Before Marine Extinction
The mass extinction at the end of the Permian Peri od 252 million years ago -- one of the great turnovers of life on Earth -- appears to have played out differently and at different times on land and in the sea, according to newly redated fossils beds from South Africa and Australia.
Habitable Zones & Global Climate
Paired With Super Telescopes, Model Earths Guide Hunt For Life
Cornell University astronomers have created five models representing key points from our planet's evolution, like chemical snapshots through Earth's own geologic epochs.
Extrasolar Planets
Explaining the Cold Temperatures Retrieved from Transmission Spectra of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Transmission spectroscopy is a powerful technique widely used to probe exoplanet terminators. Atmospheric retrievals of transmission spectra are enabling comparative studies of exoplanet atmospheres.
Habitable Zones & Global Climate
Habitability Of Polar Regions In Tidally Locked Extrasolar Planet Near M-Dwarf Stars
Since the launch of Kepler and Hubble more than a decade ago, we have come a long way in the quest to find a potentially habitable exoplanet. To date, we have already discovered more than 4000 exoplanets most of which are not suitable for sustaining life.
Habitable Zones & Global Climate
Earth-size Planet Formation In The Habitable Zone of Circumbinary Stars
In this work is investigated the possibility of close-binary star systems having Earth-size planets within their habitable zones.
comets
Exocomets: A Spectroscopic Survey
While exoplanets are now routinely detected, the detection of small bodies in extrasolar systems remains challenging. Since the discovery of sporadic events interpreted as exocomets (Falling Evaporating Bodies) around β Pic in the early 80s, only ∼20 stars have been reported to host exocomet-like events.
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